Finally, because TrxR1 is an important and validated drug target for cancers (Arnér, 2017; Busker et al., 2020; Hasan et al., 2022) and other human diseases, including Rheumatoid arthritis (Duan et al., 2022) and neurodegeneration (Wang et al., 2022), the system we developed here will not only be a valuable tool for studying TrxR1 biology in human cells, but also represents a novel platform to screen inhibitors of TrxR1. Here, TXNRD1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.