TNF and colitis: For example, milk fermented by L. delbrueckii CNRZ327 (2 × 109 CFU/mL) attenuated TNBS-induced colitis in a murine model, improving the epithelial architecture, and reducing inflammatory parameters (IL6, TNFα, MPO) and oxidative markers (COX2 and Hmox) (Plé et al., 2016).