IRF3 and Rotavirus infection: Anti-inflammatory properties of other surface layer components of L. delbrueckii strains have also been reported as extracellular polysaccharides of L. delbrueckii TUA4408L, which presented antiviral activity against rotavirus infection in porcine cells by modulating TLR2/4, interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3, and the antiviral factors IFN-β, MxA, and RNase L expression (Kanmani et al., 2018).