The single-strand RNA virus encephalomyocarditis (EMCV) which causes myocarditis and encephalitis in various animals including mice has been frequently used as a model for signal transduction research in antiviral immunology, and as a viral RNA genomic stimulus in the study of Toll-like as well as cytosolic receptors such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors family (RLRs) [11, 12]. The gene discussed is RIGI; the disease is viral encephalitis.