PMAIP1 and neoplasm: This may include the upregulation of a proapoptotic protein, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (NOXA), which may in turn interact with the anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 subfamily, Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, resulting in the apoptotic death of the tumour cells.