TSC1 and Atrophy: While the sarcopenia-like myopathy takes ~9 months to develop in TSCmKO mice4,6, with multiple lines of evidence implicating impaired autophagy as the mediating factor, mTORC1-driven muscle atrophy is already seen in 3-month-old TSCmKO mice51 and after just 21 days of tamoxifen-induced Tsc1 deletion (Fig. 2).