ALB and hepatocellular carcinoma: That study found that an algorithm using a gradient boosting machine (GBM) performed effectively for DAA treatment risk prediction with 41 pretreatment predictors; the top 10 GBM-identified predictors included albumin, liver enzyme, and total bilirubin levels, sex, HCV viral load, sodium level, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, platelet level and tobacco use18.