TNF and autoimmune disease: Moreover, a recent study indicated that the G allele polymorphism of IL-17A rs2275913 (a change from glutamic acid to lysine) was protective in RA individuals (37), which is consistent with our results; IL-17A and TNF-α had been considered as a predictor of a poor outcome in RA individuals; interestingly, previous study concluded that therapies targeting IL-17 in autoimmune diseases ameliorated the inadequate response to anti-TNF-α therapy (38), which indicated that SNP rs2275913 could be considered as a novel target for gene therapy of RA and promote drug developments against RA.