In addition, qPCR results showed that Ceapin-A7 and ETC had synergistic effects on the expression of IL-6, IL23A, MMP1, MMP13, CXCL1, CXCL8, VCAM1, and ICAM1 in RA FLSs (Supplementary Figure 4). Here, MMP1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.