NFKB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Within a week of HFD intake, the activation of microglia disrupts neurotransmission, in the form of excessive glutamate release from gap-junction hemichannels on the cell surface (40), and this activation lead to the activation of microglia and astrocytes accompanied by the release pro-inflammatory cytokines (9, 10), which recruit peripheral myeloid cells to the ARC, leading to chronic inflammation, characterized by the activation of the NF-κB pathway (10, 13) and persistent neurological dysfunction, and subsequent disruption of the feeding rhythm and induction of obesity.