MAPK14 and glioma: Furthermore, the predominant association among p38 MAPK activation (p-p38) with malignancy and progression in gliomas could be explained, in part, because high p38 or p-p38 levels are linked to increasing ROS, which is harmful to cancer cells and confers antitumor responses (Liu et al., 2015; Thiyagarajan et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2020).