It was also shown in the same paper that transcription factors Smad2/3, ATF-2 and NF-kBp50/p65 involved in AngII and TGF-β1 signalling pathways are responsible for the changes in structural, functional and inflammatory markers of the vascular wall in the process of atherosclerosis (Ioana Karla Comarița et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene ATF2 and atherosclerosis.