BMP4 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Several clinical studies revealed that miR-143/-145 dysregulation is associated with many cardiovascular diseases, including essential hypertension, atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and coronary artery disease (Caruso et al., 2012; Wei et al., 2013), and the regulation of the miR-143/-145 expression is controlled by TGF-β1/bone morphogen protein 4 (BMP4) network (Long and Miano, 2011; Climent et al., 2015).