FOS and cardiac hypertrophy: Also, the mRNA levels of cFOS were significantly reduced by EV-ADSC incubation (#p < 0.05), while the mRNA levels of cJUN were significantly diminished by both EV-ADSCs (#p < 0.05) and EV-BMMSCs (0.52-fold, p < 0.01) (Figure 8E), indicating that AP-1 transcriptional complex is essential for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced in vitro by Ang II or TGF-β1, but also for targeted therapy of cardiac hypertrophy.