Shibata et al. (2010) proved that γ-tocotrienol can suppress PGE2, COX-2, and interleukins in vitro. When tested orally in hairless mice, tocotrienol suppresses COX-2 protein expression and reduces skin damage. In addition, Ahn et al. (2007) reported that γ-tocotrienol can inhibit the NF-κB activation pathway, which further decreased the expression of antiapoptotic gene products, leading to the downregulation of various gene products. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.