In mesangial cells, C/EBPδ levels are upregulated by various factors, including IL-1β, LPS, TNF-α, and PDGF [274, 275], and can mediate their trans-differentiation into myofibroblasts by directly upregulating α-SMA expression, thereby promoting the progression of renal fibrosis [276]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and renal fibrosis.