In vivo, infection of domestic pigs with virulent ASFV isolates is often characterized by elevated levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α [47,52,53], thus further studies should address whether ASFV has developed mechanisms to enhance replication in a proinflammatory environment in order to better understand the immune-pathogenic mechanisms of ASF. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.