The β-HPV E6 proteins have been shown to interact with MAML1, an essential co-activator of NOTCH signaling, and SMAD2/SMAD3, co-activators of TGF-β signaling, which are tumor suppressive signaling pathways in cutaneous epithelial cells [83,98,99,100,101,102,103]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.