Recent advances in vaccinology and microbial immunology have indicated that there is strong evidence for HLA polymorphisms as a determinant of susceptibility and resistance to disease, and previous work from our lab has shown that individuals naturally exposed to anthrax spores demonstrate IFNγ secreting antigen-specific CD4+ T cell immunity to PA and LF, which, for PA, showed correlation between the magnitude of response and the duration of the infection [26,27]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is anthrax infection.