Taking thiazolidinedione (TZD) for example, as an insulin sensitizer, it increased the risk of fracture in T2DM patients, particularly in women due to its mediation on precursor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation into the adipocyte lineage instead of osteoblast formation through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) [15,16]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.