TRPV1 and hypertensive disorder: The vascular effects of capsaicin and the role of TRPV1 channels in the pathophysiology of hypertension is a complex process involving the TRPV1-dependent and independent action of capsaicin on the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle myocytes, and the peripheral and central nervous system, which have been reviewed in earlier studies [3,5,6,7].