Nutman et al. report that vaccination efficacy with the live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR is associated with a Th1 cytokine response (IL-2 and IFN-γ) to cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B), while infection with A. lumbricoides diminishes the magnitude of this response and ALB treatment before vaccination can partially reverse the deficit in IL-2 [59]. Here, IL2 is linked to infection.