SOD1 and vitamin D deficiency: In an amyloid presenilin model, 13 weeks of vitamin D deficiency exacerbated the ROS production in this model by downregulating superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase 4 and enhanced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, along with increased Aβ production and Tau phosphorylation [155].