INS and gestational diabetes: Another RCT, also conducted in Iran, investigated the effect of a synbiotic preparation (three viable and freeze-dried strains, L. acidophilus, L. casei, and B. bifidum, at a dose of 2 × 109 CFUs/g each plus 800 mg of inulin) on markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in GDM women (n = 70).