PYY and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: SCFA may have a favorable impact on metabolism through activation of G protein-coupled receptors in endocrine and colon epithelial cells that, in turn, release anorectic hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP) and peptide YY (PYY), which may contribute to reducing food intake and protecting individuals against obesity and diabetes, as shown in our results.