ARG1 and ischemic stroke: It was found that, in a mouse model of ischemic stroke, both M1 and M2 phenotypes were present at the site of injury, and M1-related genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD1b, CD16, CD32, CD86) were upregulated from day 3 to day 14 after stroke; in contrast, mRNA expression of M2 markers (e.g., macrophage mannose receptor 1 (CD206), arginase 1 (Arg-1), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)) on day one could be observed, peaking at days 3–5 and returning to pre-injury levels at day 14 [8].