CCM has effects against angiogenesis through different mechanisms: acting on transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1; limiting the expression of IL-8 in pancreatic cancer and head and neck cancer cell lines; inhibiting COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) and 5-LOX (5-lipo-oxygenase); inhibiting angiogenesis mediated by NO and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). Here, PTGS2 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.