For instance, GLP-2 dampened pro-inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-treated macrophages through inhibiting NF-κB activity and ERK phosphorylation [131] and reducing mucosal inflammatory responses [132] in mice, while in a model of obstructive jaundice in rats, GLP-2 reduced serum levels of TGF-β1, bilirubin, and endotoxin, which improved intestinal barrier function [133]. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is obstructive jaundice.