Moreover, it significantly downregulated mRNA expression of NF-kB, ETA-R, iNOS, AT1-R, cFn, Kim-1, and NGAL in the kidney tissue and alleviated CsA-induced kidney histological changes in CsA-treated mice and via activation of PPAR-α, which regulates the expression of multiple genes implicated in kidney disease, and normalization of altered histological changes in the kidney. Here, LCN2 is linked to kidney disorder.