NR1H4 and colitis: This study demonstrates that Pae treatment increases the abundance of Lactobacillus in the feces of UC mice, which indirectly activates hepatic FXR-SHP/LRH-1 and ileal FXR-FGF15 pathways associated with the synthesis of BAs to intervene with the expression of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme for BAs, thus restoring the metabolism of fecal BAs (e.g., DCA, LCA vs. CDCA) and ultimately ameliorating DSS-induced disruption of intestinal barrier function and colonic inflammation.