APOB and Insulin resistance: In addition, apolipoprotein B, non-HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, free fatty acid, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokines, fibrinolytic factors, clotting factors, and microalbuminuria can be measured to identify various indicators corresponding to the aforementioned “platinum standards”; however, they are not essential for diagnosis [47].