Of note, higher-risk women were stratified by the development of GDM and those who developed GDM showed lower adiponectin and glutamine concentrations, and higher C-peptide concentrations at timepoint 1, greater impairment in β-cell function (indicated by HOMA2-%B), increased glycolysis-intermediate pyruvate and differing lipid profiles at timepoint 2, with elevated gGT levels at both timepoints. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is gestational diabetes.