In addition to their anti-hyperglycemic properties, glitazones exert effects on numerous cardiovascular risk factors (fibrinogen, C reactive protein, microalbuminuria, etc.); in the PROACTIVE study, pioglitazone therapy induced a significant diminution (−16%) of the secondary endpoint (all causes mortality, heart attack, stroke) but not of the primary one; thus, the TZDs effect on cardiovascular risk is not well-defined. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is Stroke.