EGF and prostate cancer: Furthermore, growth factors and cytokines, such as transforming growth factors β (TGF- β) [17], epidermal growth factor (EGF) [18], and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) [19], as well as signaling pathways, such as mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) [20], are able to regulate the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and ZEB1 and therefore influence EMT levels, which ultimately affects the progression of prostate cancer.