Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and ROS-1 proto-oncogene rearrangement, BRAF proto-oncogene mutation, V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion, MET proto-oncogene mutation or amplification, RET proto-oncogene mutation or fusion, Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) fusion, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) mutation are all described in NS-NSCLC, with corresponding drugs investigated or approved. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.