The discovery of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NSCLC, as well as recurrent mutations in B-RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and rearrangements in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), has led to the development of targeted therapies with a marked impact on both the prognosis and the quality of life of lung cancer patients [4,5,6,7,8]. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.