VIP and hypercalcemia disease: Besides hypercalcemia-producing molecules, 28.1% of the patients (mostly p-NEN) showed cosecretion of other peptides: the most frequent was calcitonin, followed by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, somatostatin, and glucagon; there was a cosecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in only one case [88].