LCN2 and acute kidney injury: It has been postulated that evaluating GFR in patients with AKI would improve the assessment of patients in addition to laboratory markers of kidney tubular injury such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), or so-called cell cycle arrest biomarkers: tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) [28].