In a large meta-analysis of 30 studies, Modabbernia et al. (2013) observed in BD patients an increase in cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and the cytokine receptors: soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1), sIL-2R and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Behcet disease.