TNF and COVID-19: Among COVID-19 patients, the most common disorders of cytokines and chemokines are increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, interleukin-7 (IL-7), IL-10, TNF-α, CRP, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), as well as an increase or decrease in the concentration of IFN-γ [7,70,72].