These novel mechanisms include disruption of the three-dimensional structure of the DNA double strand by trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) antibodies, inhibition of DNA damage repair, targeting of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway, blocking the binding of tumor cells to T cells, regulating the cell cycle, and so on (Figure 1). The gene discussed is TACSTD2; the disease is neoplasm.