Even brief exposure is linked to AMI, stroke, arrhythmias, worsening of heart failure and hypertension [164,165,166,167], while chronic exposure accelerates atherosclerosis, impacts blood pressure control, thrombosis, endothelial function, insulin sensitivity [164,166] and increases the risk of hypertension, Long-term effects of ambient PM2. This evidence concerns the gene INS and hypertensive disorder.