In addition, the transcription factor specific protein 1 (SP1), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (NF-κB1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) may be key transcription factors in the treatment of ischemic stroke with kaempferol (Figure 1E). This evidence concerns the gene SP1 and ischemic stroke.