PCa cells produce TGF-β, and high levels of circulating TGF-β1 and the TGF-β-dependent SMAD phosphorylation pathway in tumors are markers of poor prognosis [171,172,173,174]; therefore, targeting TGF-β is a promising strategy for treating PCa, as well as an attractive approach for bone metastasis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and posterior cortical atrophy.