IGF1 and gastric cancer: Overactivation of insulin-like growth factor-1/phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Protein kinase B (IGF1/PI3K/Akt) and IGF1/MAPK signaling pathways contributed to the development of tumors; however, esculetin at 850 μM was found to diminish the mitochondrial membrane potential while simultaneously activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in the MGC-803 gastric cancer cell line.