CSF2 and myeloproliferative neoplasm: It is not known for sure which cytokines would be related; however, several clinical studies with MPN patients have already demonstrated increased plasma levels of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and growth factors, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [119,120].