The increase in the permeation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) due to a decrease in the share of SCFAs in the event of a decrease in clostridiales increases the release of inflammatory cytokines, primarily TNF-α, through a mechanism of activation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), its specific receptor, with an increase in peripheral inflammatory phenomena and the possible development of hepato-steatosis, insulin resistance, omental inflammation, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.