TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Immune system hyperactivation manifested by an increase in the activity of cytokines with a pro-inflammatory profile, such as TNF-α or IL1 produced by the mesenchymal cells as a result of stimulation of the Il23-IL23R-IL17 pathway, promote the degradation of the extracellular matrix, increasing pathological tissue remodeling leading to acute and chronic damage to the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract in the course of IBD [60].