Furthermore, CFTR expression increased, and apoptosis decreased in CF MDMs in response to ivacaftor that was also able to improve M1 but not M2 CF macrophage polarization responses and decrease CF macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12) to levels comparable to non-CF MDMs [132]. This evidence concerns the gene CFTR and cystic fibrosis.