In the lungs of people with CF (PWCF), the impaired ion transport derived from the CFTR dysfunction results in the dehydration and hypersecretion of mucus that contributes to airway obstruction and chronic bacterial colonization with recurrent pulmonary exacerbations, especially by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; furthermore, the exaggerated inflammatory response, hallmark of this disease, in synergy with an impaired resolution of inflammation, leads to progressive lung damage with bronchiectasis formation, wall thickening, and lung function decline. The gene discussed is CFTR; the disease is cystic fibrosis.