SLC6A3 and Parkinson disease: In a mouse model of PD, Perez–Pardo et al. found that prebiotic fibers (FOS, GOS and nutriose, a soluble corn fibre) can normalize motor symptoms, reduce α-synuclein levels, and restore GI dysfunction, inflammation and dopamine transporter expression [372]; further, it has been shown that the prebiotic polymannuronic acid can prevent dopaminergic neuronal loss via SCFAs-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms [373].