Furthermore, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) promotes LOX expression and secretion in glioma cells and drives macrophage infiltration into TME through activating the LOX/ITG- β1/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) pathway in macrophages; meanwhile, phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) secreted by infiltrating macrophages can promote tumor growth and angiogenesis [48]. Here, LOX is linked to central nervous system cancer.