PTK2 and neoplasm: Binding to ITG-αvβ3 on the surface of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) via the RGD structural domain, LOXL1, FBLN5, and the ITG-αvβ3 may form a complex, which regulates FAK and MAPK pathways in VECs and stimulates tumor angiogenesis [55]; (2) Intracellular effect: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)/Src/CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA) axis upregulates LOXL1 expression in glioma cells.