While searching for specific cytokine expression patterns in PBMCs from RRMS patients using CyTOF, Galli et al. identified an expanded T helper population expressing GM-CSF, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.