INS and diabetes mellitus: Several recent attempts to analyze the function of pancreatic β-cells from the viewpoint of glycobiology have been reported, and the connection between diverse roles of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides and the maintenance of islet homeostasis and insulin secretion has been analyzed [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]; this has increased the demand for glycobiology studies in the field of diabetes research.