TGFB1 and cancer: According to KEGG analysis, DEGs are involved in 37 pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, the TGF-β signaling pathway, the signaling pathway that controls stem cell pluripotency, the signaling pathway that controls the actin skeleton, the PI3A-Akt signaling pathways, the cancer pathways, and the signaling pathway for cell adhesion molecules (Figure 3G).